VACV-70c control
Product | Unit size | Cat. code | Docs. | Qty. | Price | |
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VACV-70c Naked (control) Control for CDS Ligand VACV-70 |
Show product |
200 µg |
tlrl-vav70cn
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|
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VACV-70c/LyoVec™ (control) Control for CDS Ligand VACV-70 - LyoVec™ Complexed |
Show product |
100 µg |
tlrl-vav70cc
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CDS Ligand control
VACV-70c (control) is a single-stranded oligonucleotide which, unlike its double-stranded counterpart, VACV-70, is not IFN-inducer [1].
VACV-70c is also available complexed with the cationic lipid transfection reagent LyoVec™ to facilitate its uptake.
VACV-70 is a 70 bp oligonucleotides containing viral DNA motifs [1]. VACV-70 derives from the vaccinia virus DNA. Transfected VACV-70 was shown to potently induce IFN-β in a TLR-, DAI- and RNA Pol III-independent, but STING-, TBK1- and IRF3-dependent manner.
VACV-70 oligonucleotide is recognized by IFI16 [1].
1. Unterholzner L. et al., 2010. IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA. Nat Immunol. 11(11):997-1004.
Back to the topSpecifications
Activity: Control for VACV-70 (CDS ligand)
Formulation: naked or complexed with the transfection reagent LyoVec™
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VACV-70c Naked:
- 200 µg lyophilized VACV-70c Naked
- 1.5 ml endotoxin-free water
VACV-70c/LyoVec:
- 100 µg lyophilized VACV-70c/LyoVec
- 10 ml endotoxin-free water
Product is shipped at room temperature
Upon receipt, store at -20°C.
Back to the topDetails
IFI16
IFN γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and its murine orthologue p204 induce innate immune responses against single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) cytosolic DNA [1,2]. Located predominantly in the nucleus and in small fractions in the cytoplasm, IFI16 can function to activate type I interferon (IFN) responses via STING-mediated phosphorylation of TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) [3]. IFI16 has been reported to sense the DNA of several viruses such as herpesviruses (HSV), cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus [1].
DDX41
DEAD-box protein 41 (DDX41) has been shown to induce IFN-β responses upon stimulation with poly(dA:dT), HSV-1, Listeria monocytogenes, and adenovirus [4,5]. This IFN-β induction by DDX41 has been shown to occur via the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway. DDX41 was also found to bind to and control the IFN response to cyclic-dinucleotides (CDNs) such as cyclic-di-AMP and cyclic-di-GMP [6].
Reference:
1. Zahid A. et al, 2020. Molecular and Structural Basis of DNA Sensors in Antiviral Innate Immunity. Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 30;11:613039.
2. Unterholzner L. et al., 2010. IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA. Nat Immunol. 11(11):997-1004.
3. Stratmann S.A. et al., 2015. The innate immune sensor IFI16 recognizes foreign DNA in the nucleus by scanning along the duplex. Elife (2015) 4:e11721.
4. Zhang Z. et al., 2011. The helicase DDX41 senses intracellular DNA mediated by the adaptor STING in dendritic cells. Nat Immunol.12(10):959-65.
5. Stein S.C.& Falck-Pedersen E., 2012. Sensing adenovirus infection: activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 in RAW 264.7 cells. J Virol. 86:4527–4537.
6. Parvatiyar K. et al., 2012. The helicase DDX41 recognizes the bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune response. Nat Immunol. 13:1155–1161.
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